Civil Litigation,
Labor/Employment,
9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
Apr. 24, 2018
A devilish conflict: Public employment and religious expression
Fortunately, the 9th Circuit has published several instructive decisions involving the interplay of religious freedoms and the establishment clause in public employment.





Nathan J. Kowalski
Partner
Atkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud & Romo
Email: nkowalski@aalrr.com
Nate is a partner in the firm's Cerritos office. He represents cities, counties, superior courts and special districts in a wide array of labor and employment matters.

Irma Rodriguez Moisa
Partner
Atkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud & Romo
12800 Center Court Drive South
Cerritos , CA 90703
Email: imoisa@aalrr.com
UC Berkeley SOL Boalt Hall; Berkeley CA
Irma is the partner-in-charge of the firm's Cerritos office. She represents public and private entities in labor and employment matters and was recently named to the Daily Journal's lists of Top Women Lawyers and Top Labor and Employment Attorneys
When it comes to religious issues, public employers may have a heavy cross to bear. While they may not infringe on their employees' First Amendment rights to freely exercise their religions, they also may not violate the First Amendment's establishment clause by appearing to promote any religion.
Beyond these compulsory constitutional considerations, public employers also should consider workplace efficiencies, customer service, emp...
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