 
Senior Circuit Judge
9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
Hawaii - Honolulu
   
Law clerk for Hon. Herbert Y.C. Choy, 9th US Circuit, 1975-6; private practice, Honolulu, 1977-2002; adjunct professor, Richardson School of Law, U Hawaii, 1978-80, 1983-89; nominated to 9th Circuit September 2001, confirmed July 2002; assumed senior status December 2016.
Yale Law School, J.D., 1975
Judicial Profiles
| Title | Court | Published | 
|---|---|---|
| Even on Dusty Ball Fields of Youth, His Eye Was on the Law | 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals | Oct. 2, 2006 | 
Rulings
| Case | Category | Published | 
|---|---|---|
| U.S. v. Wells concurring | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 26, 2025 | 
| Perez v. Reubart author | Habeas Corpus | Aug. 28, 2025 | 
| Grijalva v. ADP Screening & Selection Services Inc. concurring | Consumer Law | Aug. 15, 2025 | 
| U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission v. Barry author | Securities | Aug. 12, 2025 | 
| Bates v. Pakseresht dissenting | Constitutional Law | Jul. 24, 2025 | 
| U.S. v. Hassan author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Jul. 22, 2025 | 
| Tsay JBR, LLC v. USDC Central District of California (Brooke) author | Disability Discrimination | May 13, 2025 | 
| Jones v. Starz Entertainment, LLC author | Arbitration | Feb. 28, 2025 | 
| In re: Kirkland and Rund dissenting | Bankruptcy | Aug. 23, 2024 | 
| U.S. v. Bellot author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Aug. 21, 2024 | 
| Batis v. Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. author | Anti-SLAPP | Jul. 8, 2024 | 
| Gutierrez v. Garland author | Immigration | Jul. 2, 2024 | 
| B&L Productions, Inc. v. Newsom author | Constitutional Law | Jun. 11, 2024 | 
| Ryan S. v. UnitedHealth Group, Inc. author | Health Care | Apr. 11, 2024 | 
| Washington v. Kijakazi author | Judges | Jul. 5, 2023 | 
| Keene-Stevens v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue author | Tax | Jul. 3, 2023 | 
| Donovan v. Vance author | Civil Procedure | Jun. 13, 2023 | 
| In re: Klamath Irrigation District v. USDC-ORM (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Oregon Water Resources Dept.) author | Civil Procedure | Jun. 5, 2023 | 
| Enigma Software Group USA LLC v. Malwarebytes, Inc. author | Commercial Law | Jun. 2, 2023 | 
| Melville v. Shinn author | Criminal Law and Procedure | May 23, 2023 | 
| Spirit of Aloha Temple v. County of Maui dissenting | Constitutional Law | Sep. 22, 2022 | 
| Arizona Alliance for Community Health Centers v. Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System author | Health Care | Sep. 2, 2022 | 
| Gonzalez-Castillo v. Garland author | Immigration | Aug. 31, 2022 | 
| Romero-Millan v. Garland author | Immigration | Aug. 29, 2022 | 
| U.S. v. Magdaleno author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Aug. 11, 2022 | 
| Sabra v. Maricopa County Community College District author | Civil Rights | Aug. 10, 2022 | 
| Mull v. Motion Picture Industry Health Plan author | Insurance | Jul. 25, 2022 | 
| Medina Tovar v. Zuchowski author | Civil Procedure | Jul. 21, 2022 | 
| Unified Data Services v. Federal Trade Commission author | Civil Procedure | Jul. 13, 2022 | 
| Western Watersheds Project v. Haaland author | Civil Procedure | Jan. 6, 2022 | 
| Columbia Export Terminal v. International Longshore and Warehouse Union author | Labor Law | Jan. 6, 2022 | 
| Ochoa v. Davis author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Nov. 2, 2021 | 
| Melnik v. Dzurenda author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 28, 2021 | 
| Bell v. Wilmot Storage Services concurring | Copyright | Sep. 10, 2021 | 
| Slidewaters v. Washington State Dep't of Labor author | Civil Rights | Jul. 9, 2021 | 
| Columbia Export Terminal v. International Longshore and Warehouse Union author | Labor Law | Jun. 29, 2021 | 
| Estate of Finnigan v. U.S. author | Real Property | Jun. 22, 2021 | 
| Acevedo Granados v. Garland author | Immigration | Mar. 25, 2021 | 
| City & County of San Francisco v. Barr author | Civil Procedure | Jul. 14, 2020 | 
| Allied Professionals Insurance Company v. Anglesey author | Constitutional Law | Mar. 13, 2020 | 
| International Union of Operating Engineer Local 501 v. National Labor Relations Board author | Labor Law | Feb. 10, 2020 | 
| Jones v. Shinn author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Dec. 2, 2019 | 
| Manhani v. Barr author | Immigration | Nov. 26, 2019 | 
| Amended Opinion: Szonyi v. Barr author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Nov. 14, 2019 | 
| Cerner Middle East Ltd. v. Belbadi Enterprises author | Civil Procedure | Sep. 24, 2019 | 
| Cerner Middle East Ltd. v. ICapital LLC author | International Law | Sep. 24, 2019 | 
| Livaditis v. Davis author | Civil Rights | Aug. 12, 2019 | 
| Coeur d'Alene Tribe v. Hawks author | Native American Affairs | Aug. 12, 2019 | 
| Warner v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc. author | Consumer Law | Jul. 25, 2019 | 
| Menendez-Gonzalez v. Barr author | Immigration | Jul. 12, 2019 | 
| U.S. v. Graves author | Criminal Law and Procedure | May 31, 2019 | 
| Szonyi v. Whitaker author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Feb. 14, 2019 | 
| Myers v. Sessions author | Immigration | Sep. 26, 2018 | 
| O'Connor v. Uber author | Arbitration | Sep. 26, 2018 | 
| Rubin v. U.S. author | Tax | Sep. 25, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Blackstone author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 13, 2018 | 
| Rynearson v. Ferguson author | Civil Rights | Sep. 10, 2018 | 
| King v. Great American Chicken Corp. author | Civil Procedure | Sep. 7, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Vasquez-Gonzalez author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Aug. 23, 2018 | 
| OTR Wheel Engineering v. West Worldwide Services author | Intellectual Property | Jul. 25, 2018 | 
| Young v. State of Hawaii dissenting | Constitutional Law | Jul. 25, 2018 | 
| Liu v. Sessions author | Immigration | Jun. 4, 2018 | 
| Adidas America v. Skechers USA dissenting | Civil Procedure | May 11, 2018 | 
| Smith v. City and County of Honolulu author | Civil Procedure | Apr. 13, 2018 | 
| Eagle Point Education Association v. Jackson County School District author | Civil Rights | Jan. 29, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Brown author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Jan. 17, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Hulen author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Jan. 11, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Murillo-Alvarado author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Dec. 5, 2017 | 
| U.S. v. Jayavarman author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 27, 2017 | 
| Hsiao v. Hazuda author | Immigration | Sep. 5, 2017 | 
| Afewerki v. Anaya Law Group author | Consumer Law | Aug. 21, 2017 | 
| Barnes v. Federal Aviation Administration author | Administrative Agencies | Aug. 4, 2017 | 
| Harris v. Mangum author | Prisoners' Rights | Jul. 19, 2017 | 
| Title | Court | Published | 
|---|---|---|
| Even on Dusty Ball Fields of Youth, His Eye Was on the Law | 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals | Oct. 2, 2006 | 
| Case | Category | Published | 
|---|---|---|
| U.S. v. Wells concurring | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 26, 2025 | 
| Perez v. Reubart author | Habeas Corpus | Aug. 28, 2025 | 
| Grijalva v. ADP Screening & Selection Services Inc. concurring | Consumer Law | Aug. 15, 2025 | 
| U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission v. Barry author | Securities | Aug. 12, 2025 | 
| Bates v. Pakseresht dissenting | Constitutional Law | Jul. 24, 2025 | 
| U.S. v. Hassan author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Jul. 22, 2025 | 
| Tsay JBR, LLC v. USDC Central District of California (Brooke) author | Disability Discrimination | May 13, 2025 | 
| Jones v. Starz Entertainment, LLC author | Arbitration | Feb. 28, 2025 | 
| In re: Kirkland and Rund dissenting | Bankruptcy | Aug. 23, 2024 | 
| U.S. v. Bellot author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Aug. 21, 2024 | 
| Batis v. Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. author | Anti-SLAPP | Jul. 8, 2024 | 
| Gutierrez v. Garland author | Immigration | Jul. 2, 2024 | 
| B&L Productions, Inc. v. Newsom author | Constitutional Law | Jun. 11, 2024 | 
| Ryan S. v. UnitedHealth Group, Inc. author | Health Care | Apr. 11, 2024 | 
| Washington v. Kijakazi author | Judges | Jul. 5, 2023 | 
| Keene-Stevens v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue author | Tax | Jul. 3, 2023 | 
| Donovan v. Vance author | Civil Procedure | Jun. 13, 2023 | 
| In re: Klamath Irrigation District v. USDC-ORM (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Oregon Water Resources Dept.) author | Civil Procedure | Jun. 5, 2023 | 
| Enigma Software Group USA LLC v. Malwarebytes, Inc. author | Commercial Law | Jun. 2, 2023 | 
| Melville v. Shinn author | Criminal Law and Procedure | May 23, 2023 | 
| Spirit of Aloha Temple v. County of Maui dissenting | Constitutional Law | Sep. 22, 2022 | 
| Arizona Alliance for Community Health Centers v. Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System author | Health Care | Sep. 2, 2022 | 
| Gonzalez-Castillo v. Garland author | Immigration | Aug. 31, 2022 | 
| Romero-Millan v. Garland author | Immigration | Aug. 29, 2022 | 
| U.S. v. Magdaleno author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Aug. 11, 2022 | 
| Sabra v. Maricopa County Community College District author | Civil Rights | Aug. 10, 2022 | 
| Mull v. Motion Picture Industry Health Plan author | Insurance | Jul. 25, 2022 | 
| Medina Tovar v. Zuchowski author | Civil Procedure | Jul. 21, 2022 | 
| Unified Data Services v. Federal Trade Commission author | Civil Procedure | Jul. 13, 2022 | 
| Western Watersheds Project v. Haaland author | Civil Procedure | Jan. 6, 2022 | 
| Columbia Export Terminal v. International Longshore and Warehouse Union author | Labor Law | Jan. 6, 2022 | 
| Ochoa v. Davis author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Nov. 2, 2021 | 
| Melnik v. Dzurenda author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 28, 2021 | 
| Bell v. Wilmot Storage Services concurring | Copyright | Sep. 10, 2021 | 
| Slidewaters v. Washington State Dep't of Labor author | Civil Rights | Jul. 9, 2021 | 
| Columbia Export Terminal v. International Longshore and Warehouse Union author | Labor Law | Jun. 29, 2021 | 
| Estate of Finnigan v. U.S. author | Real Property | Jun. 22, 2021 | 
| Acevedo Granados v. Garland author | Immigration | Mar. 25, 2021 | 
| City & County of San Francisco v. Barr author | Civil Procedure | Jul. 14, 2020 | 
| Allied Professionals Insurance Company v. Anglesey author | Constitutional Law | Mar. 13, 2020 | 
| International Union of Operating Engineer Local 501 v. National Labor Relations Board author | Labor Law | Feb. 10, 2020 | 
| Jones v. Shinn author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Dec. 2, 2019 | 
| Manhani v. Barr author | Immigration | Nov. 26, 2019 | 
| Amended Opinion: Szonyi v. Barr author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Nov. 14, 2019 | 
| Cerner Middle East Ltd. v. Belbadi Enterprises author | Civil Procedure | Sep. 24, 2019 | 
| Cerner Middle East Ltd. v. ICapital LLC author | International Law | Sep. 24, 2019 | 
| Livaditis v. Davis author | Civil Rights | Aug. 12, 2019 | 
| Coeur d'Alene Tribe v. Hawks author | Native American Affairs | Aug. 12, 2019 | 
| Warner v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc. author | Consumer Law | Jul. 25, 2019 | 
| Menendez-Gonzalez v. Barr author | Immigration | Jul. 12, 2019 | 
| U.S. v. Graves author | Criminal Law and Procedure | May 31, 2019 | 
| Szonyi v. Whitaker author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Feb. 14, 2019 | 
| Myers v. Sessions author | Immigration | Sep. 26, 2018 | 
| O'Connor v. Uber author | Arbitration | Sep. 26, 2018 | 
| Rubin v. U.S. author | Tax | Sep. 25, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Blackstone author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 13, 2018 | 
| Rynearson v. Ferguson author | Civil Rights | Sep. 10, 2018 | 
| King v. Great American Chicken Corp. author | Civil Procedure | Sep. 7, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Vasquez-Gonzalez author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Aug. 23, 2018 | 
| OTR Wheel Engineering v. West Worldwide Services author | Intellectual Property | Jul. 25, 2018 | 
| Young v. State of Hawaii dissenting | Constitutional Law | Jul. 25, 2018 | 
| Liu v. Sessions author | Immigration | Jun. 4, 2018 | 
| Adidas America v. Skechers USA dissenting | Civil Procedure | May 11, 2018 | 
| Smith v. City and County of Honolulu author | Civil Procedure | Apr. 13, 2018 | 
| Eagle Point Education Association v. Jackson County School District author | Civil Rights | Jan. 29, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Brown author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Jan. 17, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Hulen author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Jan. 11, 2018 | 
| U.S. v. Murillo-Alvarado author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Dec. 5, 2017 | 
| U.S. v. Jayavarman author | Criminal Law and Procedure | Sep. 27, 2017 | 
| Hsiao v. Hazuda author | Immigration | Sep. 5, 2017 | 
| Afewerki v. Anaya Law Group author | Consumer Law | Aug. 21, 2017 | 
| Barnes v. Federal Aviation Administration author | Administrative Agencies | Aug. 4, 2017 | 
| Harris v. Mangum author | Prisoners' Rights | Jul. 19, 2017 | 
 

 
